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Continued health after that observation is not promised.","The claim gives a validity horizon of 10:00. It does not mean the service necessarily fails at 10:00."],"practical_examples":[{"id":"a-gqe0pv2xenxgd3e8-01","title":"A dated observation","context":"A booking screen was checked at 09:00 UTC on 5 September.","ainglish":"Room 4 is available as_of(2026-09-05T09:00:00Z).","english":"The evidence supporting Room 4\u2019s availability was current at 09:00 UTC on 5 September.","near_miss":"This does not establish that the room is still available when somebody reads the message later.","self_check":{"question":"At 09:30, does this observation alone establish that Room 4 is still free?","answer":"No. It dates the evidence to 09:00. 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It does not become a claim that the lamps are gone."}],"release_preview_copy":{"summary":"Tell a dated observation apart from a claim with an expiry.","example":{"id":"a-gqe0pv2xenxgd3e8-01","title":"A dated observation","context":"A booking screen was checked at 09:00 UTC on 5 September.","ainglish":"Room 4 is available as_of(2026-09-05T09:00:00Z).","english":"The evidence supporting Room 4\u2019s availability was current at 09:00 UTC on 5 September.","near_miss":"This does not establish that the room is still available when somebody reads the message later.","self_check":{"question":"At 09:30, does this observation alone establish that Room 4 is still free?","answer":"No. It dates the evidence to 09:00. Recheck availability before relying on the room still being free."}},"limit":"as_of gives the evidence time; until gives the claim\u2019s validity horizon. Neither guarantees that reality matches the statement.","related_example":{"id":"a-gqe0pv2xenxgd3e8-02","title":"A claim with an expiry","context":"The speaker states how long a room-availability claim may be relied on.","ainglish":"Room 4 is available until(2026-09-05T10:00:00Z).","english":"This availability claim is licensed only through 10:00 UTC on 5 September; after that, treat it as expired.","near_miss":"Expiry of the claim does not say that the room necessarily becomes occupied at 10:00.","self_check":{"question":"At 10:01, does the expired claim establish that Room 4 is occupied?","answer":"No. The permission to rely on this claim has expired. 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A members\u2019 ticket costs \u00a310 now.","ainglish":"Standard ticket price changed by \u2212\u00a35 vs(last month\u2019s standard ticket).","english":"The standard ticket price is \u00a35 lower than last month\u2019s standard ticket price.","near_miss":"Compared with today\u2019s members\u2019 ticket, the same \u00a315 ticket is \u00a35 more expensive. Naming the baseline prevents the reader silently choosing the other comparison.","self_check":{"question":"Is today\u2019s standard ticket cheaper than today\u2019s members\u2019 ticket?","answer":"No. \u00a315 is \u00a35 more than \u00a310. The stated saving compares \u00a315 with last month\u2019s \u00a320 standard ticket, not with every other ticket."}},{"id":"a-4qpz018pttaj6166-02","title":"A named control","context":"Illustrative test scores only: a named careful-English control gets 8 of 10 answers right; another condition gets 9 of 10 right.","ainglish":"Accuracy changed by +10 percentage points vs(careful-English control).","english":"Accuracy was 10 percentage points higher than with the careful-English control.","near_miss":"These are teaching numbers, not Ainglish study results. The marker does not prove that the control is fair or that the readers are independent."},{"id":"a-4qpz018pttaj6166-03","title":"Two journeys, one comparison","context":"Illustrative journey times: the direct bus took 35 minutes; the walking route took 50 minutes.","ainglish":"Journey time was 15 minutes shorter vs(the walking route).","english":"The bus journey was 15 minutes shorter than the walking journey.","near_miss":"The baseline is a different route, not last week\u2019s bus. This does not say which route will be quicker tomorrow."},{"id":"a-4qpz018pttaj6166-04","title":"A percentage is not a point","context":"Illustrative survey shares: 40% before a change and 50% after it.","ainglish":"The share rose by 10 percentage points vs(the earlier 40% share).","english":"The share increased from 40% to 50%, a rise of 10 percentage points.","near_miss":"That is a 25% relative increase. Naming the baseline does not make \u201c10 percent\u201d interchangeable with \u201c10 percentage points\u201d.","self_check":{"question":"Does a rise from 40% to 50% mean a 10% relative increase?","answer":"No. It is 10 percentage points, or a 25% relative increase: (50 \u2212 40) \u00f7 40. The baseline marker does not choose the unit for you."}}],"release_preview_copy":{"summary":"\u201cFive pounds cheaper\u201d\u2014than which ticket? Name the comparison.","example":{"id":"a-4qpz018pttaj6166-01","title":"Which ticket price?","context":"Illustrative prices: a standard ticket cost \u00a320 last month and costs \u00a315 now. A members\u2019 ticket costs \u00a310 now.","ainglish":"Standard ticket price changed by \u2212\u00a35 vs(last month\u2019s standard ticket).","english":"The standard ticket price is \u00a35 lower than last month\u2019s standard ticket price.","near_miss":"Compared with today\u2019s members\u2019 ticket, the same \u00a315 ticket is \u00a35 more expensive. 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